2023年英語教師資格證筆試：非謂語動詞

http://guangxi.hteacher.net 2022-12-15 09:34 廣西教師資格證 [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

1.不定式作定語

(1)不定式的一般式通常表示一個將來或經(jīng)常性的動作，完成式則表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。

She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

(2)如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系，在不及物動詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)

2. -ing分詞作定語

(1)-ing分詞作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在說話時該動作正在進(jìn)行，否則，要用從句作定語。

Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?

The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.

(2)單個的-ing分詞作定語一般前置，說明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途等，-ing短語作定語一般后置;強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的單個-ing分詞也常后置。例：

a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

3. -ed分詞作定語

-ed分詞作定語一般表示一個被動或已完成的動作，-ing分詞表示一個主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作，-ing分詞的被動式則表示一個正在被進(jìn)行的動作。例：

a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

【典型例題】

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B.reads C. to read D. reading

【答案】D。解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意是：當(dāng)我回家的時候我看到門上別著一個信息，寫道“很遺憾沒有見到你，晚些時候會打電話給你”。reading與pinned to the door一樣做message的后置定語，相當(dāng)于which read，pinned和reading的邏輯主語都是message，它與pin是被動關(guān)系，用-ed形式，與read是主動關(guān)系，用-ing形式。故選D。

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