湖南教師資格英語考試：英語語法-定語從句

http://hunan.hteacher.net 2022-10-18 11:56 湖南教師資格證 [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用;二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。

1.關(guān)系代詞的用法

(1)作主語用who，which和that。例：

He is the man who / that lives next door.

The train which / that has just left is for Shenzhen.

(2)作賓語用whom，who，which，that。例：

The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?

(3)作定語用whose。例：

He is the man whose car was stolen last week.

It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.

(4)作表語只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時常省略。例：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

2.關(guān)系副詞

(1)關(guān)系副詞的用法

① when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：

time，day，morning，night，week，year

例：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

② where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語，它的先行詞通常有：

place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等

例：This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

③ why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有：

reason

例：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

3.連接詞只用that的情況

(1)先行詞為all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代詞。

(2)先行詞被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修飾時。

(3)先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時。

(4)先行詞既指人又指物時。

(5)先行詞被the only，the very修飾時。

(6)句中已經(jīng)用who或which時，為了避免重復(fù)。

4.連接詞只用which/ who/ whom的情況

(1)在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who / whom指人。

(2)在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物(“介詞+ which”一般在定語從句中分別作時間、地點、原因狀語，于是“介詞+ which”可以分別用when / where / why代替)，whom指人。

(3)先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which，先行詞為those / one / he時多用who。

5.定語從句注意事項

(1)whose的先行詞指物時，可用of which代替，但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the +n. + of which=of which + the + n.

He lives in the room whose window faces south.

= He lives in the room，the window of which faces south.

=He lives in the room，of which the window faces south.

(2)當(dāng)point，situation，case，condition，stage (階段)等詞作先行詞表示“情況、境地、場合”等意思時，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。例：

I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.

(3)先行詞是the way，意為“方式，方法”時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that / in which或省略。例：

I didn’t like the way (that / in which) she talked to me.

【典型例題】

--- Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?

---- It was in the cinema _____ I regularly go.

A. which B. that C. where D. what

【答案】C。解析：考查強調(diào)句型的省略和定語從句。句意：---你在哪里看的由李安導(dǎo)演的電影“少年派的奇幻漂流記”呢?---是在我經(jīng)常去的電影院里。此題往往會誤認(rèn)為是強調(diào)句型而選B，但是把句子回答完整的話應(yīng)該是it was in the cinema ____ I regularly go that I saw the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee，是省略了和前面句子的相同成分，即強調(diào)句型的省略，所以從結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷cinema后面是定語從句，句子為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，缺少狀語，應(yīng)該選關(guān)系副詞，四個選項中只有C選項where為關(guān)系副詞，故選C。

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