資格證筆試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)必做10題

http://m.shoucloud.cn 2019-12-06 13:17 中國(guó)教師資格網(wǎng) [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

1. What is missing at the discourse level between the two sentences “Carol loves tomatoes. She was born in Africa”?

A. reference B. cohesion C. coherence D. substitution

2. The synonyms “charge” and “accuse” mainly differ in _______.

A. emotion B. dialect C. formality D. collocation

3. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be _______.

A. prescriptive B. psycholinguistic

C. sociolinguistic D. descriptive

4. Which of the following pair of words are antonyms?

A. increase, decrease B. choice; option

C. blue; green D. rabbit; animal

5. Syntax is a branch of linguistics and it mainly studies _______.

A. textual organization B. sentence structures

C. word formation D. language functions

6. Which of the following is a compound word?

A. realize B. everything C. immediate D. company

7. The rhetorical device _______ is a way of speaking or writing that makes something sound better, worse, more exciting, etc. than it really is.

A. hyperbole B. personification C. simile D. metaphor

8. Which of the following pair of words are synonyms?

A. junior; senior B. grateful; thankful

C. plant; tree D. apple; orange

9. The words “dad, papa, father” are examples of _______.

A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms

C. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonyms

10. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that______.

A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view.

B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view.

C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view.

D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view.

答案解析

1.C【解析】“Carol愛(ài)吃西紅柿”和“她生于非洲”這兩句話在話語(yǔ)層面缺少什么。B項(xiàng)銜接是指語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)標(biāo)記不同句際關(guān)系的形式連接，使篇章內(nèi)的句子扭結(jié)在一起的語(yǔ)篇建構(gòu)手段。C項(xiàng)連貫是指篇章是一個(gè)整體而不是一些不相關(guān)的詞句的堆積。它是語(yǔ)篇中意義的關(guān)聯(lián)，通過(guò)邏輯推理來(lái)達(dá)到語(yǔ)義連接，是語(yǔ)篇的無(wú)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本題中“Carol愛(ài)吃西紅柿”和“她生于非洲”這兩句話都是在說(shuō)明一個(gè)人身上的特點(diǎn)，在形式上通過(guò)指稱she實(shí)現(xiàn)了銜接，但前后語(yǔ)義不連貫，無(wú)法構(gòu)成一個(gè)有完整語(yǔ)義的語(yǔ)篇或主題，缺少語(yǔ)篇的連貫。A項(xiàng)“所指”;D項(xiàng)“替換”;故選C。

2.D【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)的語(yǔ)義學(xué)知識(shí)。A項(xiàng)情感;B項(xiàng)方言;C項(xiàng)禮節(jié)、形式，多指交際中的正式程度;D項(xiàng)搭配。charge sb. with與accuse sb. of均有“控訴某人”之意，其與名詞搭配時(shí)介詞不同，屬于搭配不同的近義詞，故選D。

3.D【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)基本概述。規(guī)定式(prescriptive)語(yǔ)言說(shuō)明事情應(yīng)該如何，而描述性(descriptive)語(yǔ)言描述事情本身是怎樣。當(dāng)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)側(cè)重描寫(xiě)分析對(duì)語(yǔ)言的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，故選D。

4.A【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)的語(yǔ)義學(xué)。題干要求選出反義詞(antonyms)。A項(xiàng)increase和decrease分別為增加和減少，屬于反義關(guān)系;B項(xiàng)choice和option都有“選擇”之意，為近義詞(synonymy);C項(xiàng)blue和green都是顏色，屬于color(上義詞：superordinate)的下義詞(hyponym)，blue和green為彼此的共下義詞(co-hyponym);D項(xiàng)rabbit和animal屬于上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy)。故選A。

5.B【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)。syntax句法學(xué)，主要研究句子的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。

6.B【解析】考查英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法。復(fù)合詞(compound words)是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的自由詞素構(gòu)成，表達(dá)單一的語(yǔ)義概念。以上四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有everything是由every和thing兩個(gè)自由詞素構(gòu)成。故選B。

7.A【解析】考查修辭手法。A項(xiàng)夸張;B項(xiàng)擬人;C項(xiàng)明喻;D項(xiàng)暗喻?？鋸埵强浯罂赡苄?，使一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)更好、更糟或更令人興奮，故選A。

8.B【解析】考查語(yǔ)義學(xué)。A項(xiàng)，junior年少的，senior年老的，互為反義詞(antonymy);B項(xiàng)中g(shù)rateful和thankful意為感謝的，是近義詞;C項(xiàng)，plant植物，tree是樹(shù)，是上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy);D項(xiàng)，蘋(píng)果和橘子，蘋(píng)果和橘子等構(gòu)成水果，是水果的下義詞。故選B。

9.B【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)的語(yǔ)義學(xué)。dad和papa常用于一般場(chǎng)合，比如在交際用語(yǔ)方面;father常用于比較正式的場(chǎng)合或書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。所以三者屬于文體同義詞。故選B。

10.A【解析】考查語(yǔ)言學(xué)中的基本概念范疇。索緒爾是從社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)出發(fā)，而喬姆斯基是從心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)出發(fā)的。故選A。

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