資格證筆試之英語語言學(xué)必做10題

http://m.shoucloud.cn 2019-11-28 09:44 中國教師資格網(wǎng) [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

1. Which branch of study is not included in the scope of linguistics?

A. syntax B. anthropology C. pragmatics D. phonetics

2. The distinction between parole and langue was made by _______.

A. Halliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure

3. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.

A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics

4. In the word “interchangeable”, there are _______ morphemes.

A. two B. three C. four D. five

5. A syllable is a part of a word which contains a _______ and is pronounced as a unit.

A. consonant B. vowel C. phoneme D. pitch

6. Which of the following refers to the study of meaning in abstraction?

A. phonetics B. pragmatics C. semantics D. sociolinguistics

7. The rhetorical device _______ is a way of speaking or writing that makes something sound better, worse, more exciting, etc. than it really is.

A. hyperbole B. personification C. simile D. metaphor

8. Which of the following pair of words are synonyms?

A. junior; senior B. grateful; thankful

C. plant; tree D. apple; orange

9. The words “dad, papa, father” are examples of _______.

A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms

C. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonyms

10. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that______.

A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view.

B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view.

C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view.

D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view.

答案解析

1.B【解析】考查語言學(xué)。語言學(xué)的分支包括：語音學(xué)phonetics研究語音的產(chǎn)生、傳播、接受過程，考查人類語言中的聲音;音位學(xué)phonology研究語音和音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)、分布和序列;形態(tài)學(xué) morphology 研究詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)詞規(guī)則;句法學(xué)syntax研究句子結(jié)構(gòu)，詞、短語組合的規(guī)則;語義學(xué)semantics不僅關(guān)心字詞作為詞匯的意義，還有語言中詞之上和之下的意義，如語素和句子的意義;語用學(xué)pragmatics在語境中研究意義;Anthropology人類學(xué)，故選B。

2.D【解析】A項，Halliday韓禮德是系統(tǒng)功能語法的代表人物;B項，Chomsky喬姆斯基區(qū)分的是competence和performance，語言能力指理想語言使用者關(guān)于語言規(guī)則的知識儲備;語言運用指真實的語言使用者在實際場景中的語言使用;C項，Bloomfield 布龍菲爾德是結(jié)構(gòu)主義的代表人物，認為語言學(xué)是心理學(xué)的分支，重視行為主義;D項，Saussure索緒爾把“語言”和“言語”區(qū)分開來語言指語言系統(tǒng)的整體，這個整體相對是比較穩(wěn)定的;言語則指代某個個體在實際語言使用環(huán)節(jié)中說出的具體話語。Parole and langue指言語和語言，其區(qū)分者是Saussure。故選D。

3.B【解析】A項，Phonology(音系學(xué))studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables, 研究語音和音節(jié)的構(gòu)成、分布和排列規(guī)則;B項，Morphology(形態(tài)學(xué))is concerned with the internal organization of words, 涉及詞的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu);C項，Semantics(語義學(xué))is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, 研究語言中語義是如何編碼的;D項，Sociolinguistics(社會語言學(xué))is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers, 研究各種語言變體的特征、它們的功能特征和語言使用者特征。研究詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)詞規(guī)則的是形態(tài)學(xué)。故選B。

4.B【解析】考查語言學(xué)的形態(tài)學(xué)。interchangeable中有三個詞素，分別是change, inter-, -able。故選B。

5.B【解析】考查語言學(xué)的語音學(xué)。一個音節(jié)要包括元音vowel，A項，輔音;C項，音素;D項音高;故選B。

6.C【解析】考察語言學(xué)中的語義學(xué)基本概念。對意義的研究是語義學(xué)(semantics)的定義。A項，語音學(xué);B項，語用學(xué);D項，社會語言學(xué)。故選C。

7.A【解析】考查修辭手法。A項夸張;B項擬人;C項明喻;D項暗喻。夸張是夸大可能性，使一件事聽起來更好、更糟或更令人興奮，故選A。

8.B【解析】考查語義學(xué)。A項，junior年少的，senior年老的，互為反義詞(antonymy);B項中g(shù)rateful和thankful意為感謝的，是近義詞;C項，plant植物，tree是樹，是上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy);D項，蘋果和橘子，蘋果和橘子等構(gòu)成水果，是水果的下義詞。故選B。

9.B【解析】考查語言學(xué)的語義學(xué)。dad和papa常用于一般場合，比如在交際用語方面;father常用于比較正式的場合或書面語中。所以三者屬于文體同義詞。故選B。

10.A【解析】考查語言學(xué)中的基本概念范疇。索緒爾是從社會語言學(xué)出發(fā)，而喬姆斯基是從心理語言學(xué)出發(fā)的。故選A。

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