2023年英語教師資格證筆試：關系詞的用法

http://guangxi.hteacher.net 2023-01-30 11:19 廣西教師資格證 [您的教師考試網]

(一)關系代詞的用法：

1. 作主語用who, which和that, 如：

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2. 作賓語用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關系代詞who whom, that 通?？梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的關系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

3. 作定語用whose, 如：

(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.

(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.

注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語(如上a句)，又能作賓語(如上b句)。whose 的先行詞常用來指人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時可以與of which 結構互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如：

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)

4. 作表語只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時常省略。如：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

(二)關系副詞的用法：

1.when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

2.where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。

This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

3. why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如：

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

(三)使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點：

1. 這三個關系副詞在意義上都相當于一定的介詞+which結構：

when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which. 如：

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.

2. 當先行詞是表時間的time, day等和表地點的place, house等時，一定要注意分析從句的結構，如果缺少主語或賓語時，關系詞應該用which或that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用when或where，試比較：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.

His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

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