http://guangxi.hteacher.net 2023-01-30 11:19 廣西教師資格證 [您的教師考試網]
(一)關系代詞的用法:
1. 作主語用who, which和that, 如:
He is the man who/that lives next door.
The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.
2. 作賓語用whom, who, which, that, 如:
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關系代詞who whom, that 通??梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的關系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。
3. 作定語用whose, 如:
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注:“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語(如上a句),又能作賓語(如上b句)。whose 的先行詞常用來指人,但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念,這時可以與of which 結構互換,詞序是:“名詞+of which”,如:
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
4. 作表語只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時常省略。如:
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
(二)關系副詞的用法:
1.when 指時間,在從句中作時間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如:
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
2.where指地點,在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
3. why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
(三)使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點:
1. 這三個關系副詞在意義上都相當于一定的介詞+which結構:
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如:
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2. 當先行詞是表時間的time, day等和表地點的place, house等時,一定要注意分析從句的結構,如果缺少主語或賓語時,關系詞應該用which或that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時,才能用when或where,試比較:
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
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