教師招聘筆試英語學科綜合試題7

http://guizhou.hteacher.net 2023-09-14 17:00 貴州教師招聘 [您的教師考試網(wǎng)]

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閱讀理解(本題共10小題，每題2分，共20分)

The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.

The origin of language is also difficult to understand. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became intelligent enough, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think in this age and oral language developed side by side. I prefer to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.

Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture made it possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.

These inventions and discoveries — fire, speech, weapons, domestic animals, agriculture, and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greater part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during this long time; there was progress — there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely gunpowder and the mariner’s compass — but neither of these can be compared in their power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.

26. According to the article, agriculture ______.

A. was accepted as soon as it appeared

B. is as great a step forward as our machine age

C. helped improve the techniques of domestication

D. at first helped make the land more suitable for crops

27. From the article we can learn that ______.

A. weapons and agriculture are what speech and physical comforts are based on

B. the origin of the language can be clearly understood by studying apes’ behaviors

C. the reason why animals have no language may be that they are not clever enough

D. the agricultural way of life helps a lot in the development of written language

28. Which of the following is the best title of the article?

A. The Development of Civilization B. Speech and Civilization

C. The Origin of Language D. The First Two Stages

【試題分析】本文為說明文。主要介紹了人類“文明史”的進化過程，按照先后順序分別為：武器和火種的發(fā)現(xiàn)、口語的起源、馴養(yǎng)動物和農(nóng)業(yè)、書面語、政治組織的出現(xiàn)。

26.【答案】B

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關鍵詞agriculture定位到文章第三段第三句開始的內(nèi)容。從第三段最后一句的前半句“agriculture met with violent resistance”可知A項錯誤。C選項在文中無對應依據(jù)。D選項為第三段倒數(shù)第二句和倒數(shù)第三句內(nèi)容的雜糅，故不選。B選項與第三段第三句“Agriculture was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.”構成同義替換關系。故選B。

27.【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。A項為文中內(nèi)容的隨意拼湊，偷換概念，文章是有提到“農(nóng)業(yè)可以提供身體上的舒適感”，但是這與“weapons”和“speech”沒有任何關系。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The origin of language is also difficult to understand.”可知B項錯誤。C項的內(nèi)容在文中找不到對應依據(jù)。文中在第三段提到“在書面記載的歷史開始后不久，兩個重要的階段就到來了”，而其中一個階段就是農(nóng)業(yè)，而后文又提及了農(nóng)業(yè)對于人類進步的重要意義，因此可以推斷出“農(nóng)業(yè)對于書面記載的歷史是有重要意義的”。故選D。

28.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。本文通篇講的都是在人類“文明史”的進化過程中，每個階段分別有什么樣的變化。其他三個選項都犯了以偏概全的錯誤。故選A。